ایرن: دیرینه شناسان چینی با کشف فسیلهای جدیدی نشان دادند آرکئوپتریکس که از ۱۵۰ سال قبل به عنوان قدیمی ترین پرنده شناخته می شود اولین پرنده زمین نیست.
به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، ۱۵۰ سال قبل فسیلهای گونه ای از جانداران ماقبل تاریخ به نام آرکئوپتریکس در غاری واقع در باواریای آلمان کشف شد و از آن زمان این گونه به عنوان جد پرندگان امروزی و قدیمی ترین پرنده زمین شناخته شد.
اکنون گروهی از دیرینه شناسان چینی فسیلهایی را در این کشور کشف کردند که نشان می دهد آرکئوپتریکس قدیمی ترین پرنده نیست و تنها یکی از دایناسورهای پرداری است که در مسیر گذار دایناسورها به پرندگان بوده است.
این فسیلهای جدید مربوط به دایناسوری پردار به بزرگی یک مرغ است که Xiaotingia zhengi نام دارد.
Xiaotingia zhengi در حدود ۱۵۵ میلیون سال در دوره ژوراسیک می زیسته است.
با بررسی و مقایسه خصوصیات استخوانی این گونه جدید، این دیرینه شناسان دریافتند که هم آرکئوپتریکس و هم Xiaotingia zhengi پرنده نبوده اند بلکه تنها دایناسورهای پردار بوده اند.
این محققان اظهار داشتند: “به اعتقاد ما هم Xiaotingia zhengi و هم آرکئوپتریکس متعلق به یک خانواده بزرگ از دایناسورها به نام Deinonychosauria هستند و بنابراین در گروه پرندگان جای ندارند. برای مثال، هر دوی این جانداران ماقبل تاریخ یک حفره بزرگ در جلوی چشمهای خود داشتند. این حفره که تنها در این گونه ها وجود داشته در هیچ پرنده ای دیده نمی شود.”
براساس گزارش International Business Times، این دانشمندان افزودند: “آرکئوپتریکس و Xiaotingia همانند سایر اعضای خانواده Deinonychosauria یک خط تکاملی بسیار جالب هستند حتی اگر در اولین فازهای توسعه خود باشند. اعضای این گروه یک چنگال داسی شکل بر روی انگشت دوم پای خود داشتند که بسیار تخصصی بوده است.”
قدیمی ترین پرنده
به نظر می رسد که قدیمی ترین پرنده Epidexipteryx باشد که در اندازه های یک کبوتر بوده و چهار پر بلند داشته است.
دیگر گونه هایی که می توانند عنوان “قدیمی ترین پرنده” را به دست آورند عبارتند از Jeholornis که در سال ۲۰۰۲ در چین کشف شد. این پرنده با قدمت ۱۲۰ میلیون سال به بزرگی یک بوقلمون بوده است.
پرنده دیگر Sapeornis بین ۱۱۰ تا ۱۲۰ میلیون سال قبل می زیسته و در حدود ۳۰ سانتیمتر بوده است.
جدیدترین فسیل کشف شده از دایناسور پر دار
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